Western Front
In the air, Allied October losses 88 aircraft plus over 99 RFC personnel. RFC help engage 169 German batteries.
Battle of the Somme: German counterattacks succeed in gaining a foothold in the town of La Maisonnette.
British losses in the four months since the start of the Somme offensive number 414,202 men killed, wounded, captured, and missing.
Eastern Front
Following their success in Jiul Valley, Romanian troops also go on the offensive in Dobruja.
German Ninth Army facing the Romanians losses since September 11: 9,072 men.
Despite snowstorms, Romanian troops make further gains against German and AH troops in Jiul Valley and Bicaz, but fall back at Mieczysczow.
Austrian-Hungarians checked at Torzburg, but successful in Predeal Pass.
Southern Front
Italy: Ninth Battle of the Isonzo begins (see November 4th).
Struma front, British take Barakli Juma (in front of Rupel Pass), also Kumli.
Naval and Overseas Operations
In October 353,600t Allied and neutral shipping (49 British worth 176,248t with 197 lives, a record so far; including 44 ships or 125,152t to Mediterranean U-boats.
East Africa: British reorganised into two divisions (Hoskins and van Deventer), former about Kilwa, latter on Ruaha and Central Railway, Northey about Iringa.
Political, etc.
Germany: Field Marshal von Hindenburg declares German lines can hold for 30 years against Allied attacks.
Russia: Russian Sixth Army censor reports soldiers saying
‘after the war we’ll have to settle accounts with the internal enemy’. Russian losses so far 4,670,000 killed and wounded; 2,078,000 PoWs and over 1 million missing.
United States: The U.S. begins circulating its new 10-cent coin (nicknamed the Mercury Dime):
http://imgur.com/U8Pq4tg
China: Huang Xing, Chinese revolutionary leader and one of the founders of the Kuomintang, passed away:
http://imgur.com/yjx5SQG